自動(dòng)變速箱常見的故障有：汽車不能行駛、自動(dòng)變速器打滑、換檔沖擊、升檔過(guò)遲、不能升檔、頻繁跳檔、不能強(qiáng)制降檔、掛檔后發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄火、無(wú)超速檔、無(wú)前進(jìn)檔、無(wú)鎖止、無(wú)倒檔和自動(dòng)變速器異響等。導(dǎo)致自動(dòng)變速器故障的原因很多，診斷時(shí)必須認(rèn)真分析，切不可盲目拆修。
Common faults of automatic gearbox include: car can not drive, automatic transmission skidding, shift impact, too late upgrade, no upgrade, frequent jump, no forced downshift, engine flameout after shift, no overspeed, no forward gear, no lock, no reverse gear and abnormal sound of automatic transmission, etc. There are many reasons leading to the failure of automatic transmission. We must carefully analyze them when diagnosing, and we must not blindly disassemble and repair them.
汽車不能行駛的故障診斷
Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Failure
故障現(xiàn)象
Fault phenomenon
無(wú)論操縱手柄位于倒檔或前進(jìn)檔，汽車都不能行駛；汽車起動(dòng)后只能行駛一段路程，熱車后就不能行駛。
Whether the control handle is in reverse or forward gear, the car can not drive; after starting, the car can only travel a certain distance, but not after the hot car.
故障原因
Cause of failure
①換檔操縱手柄及手動(dòng)閥滑搖臂之間的連桿或拉鎖松脫，使手動(dòng)滑閥保持在空檔或停車位置。
(1) The rod or the pull lock between the shift control handle and the sliding arm of the manual valve is loosened to keep the manual sliding valve in neutral or parking position.
②自動(dòng)變速器油底殼被撞壞，自動(dòng)變速器漏油使液面過(guò)低。
(2) The oil pan of the automatic transmission is damaged, and the oil leakage of the automatic transmission causes the liquid level to be too low.
③油泵進(jìn)油濾網(wǎng)堵塞或油泵損壞。
(3) Blockage of oil filter screen or damage of oil pump.
④主油路嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。
The main oil pipeline was seriously damaged.
故障診斷與排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
汽車不能行駛時(shí)，首先檢查換檔操縱手柄及手動(dòng)閥滑搖臂之間的連桿或拉鎖是否松脫，位置是否合適。
When the car can not drive, first check whether the link or the pull lock between the shift control handle and the sliding arm of the manual valve is loose and the position is appropriate.
檢查自動(dòng)變速器的液面高度，若過(guò)低應(yīng)查找漏油原因及部位，及時(shí)修補(bǔ)和補(bǔ)充油液。
Check the liquid level height of automatic transmission. If it is too low, the cause and location of oil leakage should be found, and the oil should be repaired and replenished in time.
檢查主油路油壓，若油壓過(guò)低應(yīng)進(jìn)一步檢查輸入軸、輸出軸和行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)，損壞部位應(yīng)進(jìn)行修理或更換。
Check the oil pressure of main oil pipeline. If the oil pressure is too low, the input shaft, output shaft and planetary gear mechanism should be further checked. The damaged parts should be repaired or replaced.
檢查油泵進(jìn)油濾網(wǎng)是否堵塞，必要時(shí)進(jìn)行清理或更換。
Check whether the oil filter of the oil pump is blocked and clean up or replace it if necessary.
檢查油泵是否損壞，若油泵損壞，應(yīng)修理或更換。
Check whether the oil pump is damaged. If the oil pump is damaged, it should be repaired or replaced.
自動(dòng)變速器打滑故障
Slipping fault of automatic transmission
故障現(xiàn)象
Fault phenomenon
變速器打滑造成驅(qū)動(dòng)無(wú)力，當(dāng)汽車起步時(shí)踩下加速踏板，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速很快升高，但車速升高緩慢；行駛中踩油門加速時(shí)，車速不能隨發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速上升而迅速提高；汽車在平坦道路上行駛時(shí)基本正常，但上坡無(wú)力，且發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速異常高。
The speed of the engine increases rapidly when the vehicle starts, but the speed increases slowly when the accelerator is pushed down; when the accelerator is accelerated during driving, the speed of the vehicle can not increase rapidly with the speed of the engine; when the vehicle is running on a flat road, it is basically normal, but it is weak on the uphill, and the speed of the engine is abnormally high.
故障原因
Cause of failure
①自動(dòng)變速箱漏油使液面太低。
The leakage of oil in the automatic transmission makes the liquid level too low.
②自動(dòng)變速箱油面太高，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中被行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)劇烈攪動(dòng)后產(chǎn)生大量氣泡。
(2) The oil level of the automatic transmission is too high, and a large number of bubbles are produced when it is agitated by the planetary gear mechanism in operation.
③離合器、制動(dòng)器摩擦片、制動(dòng)帶磨損過(guò)甚或燒焦。
(3) Clutches, brake friction pads and brake belts are worn out or even burnt.
④油泵磨損過(guò)甚或主油路泄露，造成供油壓力過(guò)低。
(4) The abrasion of the oil pump or even the leakage of the main oil pipeline results in the low pressure of the oil supply.
⑤單向離合器打滑。
_One-way clutch skidding.
⑥離合器或制動(dòng)器活塞密封圈損壞，導(dǎo)致漏油。
_Clutch or brake piston seal ring damage, resulting in oil leakage.
故障診斷與排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
①確保自動(dòng)變速器油面高度符合規(guī)定。
(1) Ensure that the oil level of automatic transmission meets the requirements.
②自動(dòng)變速器油液若有大量氣泡，則是因油壓油溫過(guò)高，行車中應(yīng)停車降溫或拆檢變速器。
(2) If there are a lot of bubbles in the oil of automatic transmission, the temperature of oil pressure is too high, and the transmission should be stopped to cool down or disassembled and inspected.
③檢查離合器、制動(dòng)器摩擦片、制動(dòng)帶磨損情況，若磨損嚴(yán)重、變形或燒焦，應(yīng)及時(shí)修理或更換。
(3) Check the wear of clutch, brake friction pad and brake belt. If the wear is serious, deformed or burnt, it should be repaired or replaced in time.
④檢查單向離合器是否打滑，若打滑應(yīng)拆開檢查滾柱或內(nèi)外齒圈。
(4) Check whether the one-way clutch is slippery or not. If slippery, the roller or the inner and outer gear rings should be dismantled and checked.
⑤檢查離合器或制動(dòng)器活塞密封圈情況，若漏油應(yīng)更換密封圈。
Check the seal ring of clutch or brake piston, and replace the seal ring if oil leaks.
自動(dòng)變速箱換檔沖擊過(guò)大
Over-impact of automatic gearbox shift
故障現(xiàn)象
Fault phenomenon
在汽車起步時(shí)，由停車檔或空檔掛入前進(jìn)檔或倒檔時(shí)，汽車自動(dòng)變速器的動(dòng)作不良，并產(chǎn)生很大的沖擊震動(dòng)；在汽車行駛過(guò)程時(shí)，自動(dòng)變速器換檔過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)較大的沖擊現(xiàn)象。
When the car starts, when the parking gear or neutral gear is put into the forward gear or reverse gear, the automatic transmission of the car does not perform well and produces a great shock and vibration; when the car is running, the automatic transmission has a large impact in the process of shifting.
故障原因
Cause of failure
①發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速過(guò)高。
The idle speed of engine is too high.
②節(jié)氣門拉索或節(jié)氣門位置傳感器調(diào)整不當(dāng)，或主油路調(diào)壓電磁閥有故障，使主油路壓力過(guò)大，液壓系統(tǒng)工作不良。
(2) Improper adjustment of throttle cable or throttle position sensor, or faulty main oil circuit voltage regulating solenoid valve, which causes excessive pressure in main oil circuit and poor operation of hydraulic system.
③變速器與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的支承膠墊磨損，連接螺栓松動(dòng)，傳動(dòng)系的間隙過(guò)大或松曠。
(3) The bearing rubber pad of transmission and engine is worn, the connecting bolt is loose, and the clearance of transmission system is too large or loose.
④蓄壓器故障及作用在蓄壓器背部的減振緩沖油壓不正常。
(4) The fault of accumulator and the abnormal oil pressure of shock absorber and buffer on the back of accumulator.
⑤換檔執(zhí)行元件如制動(dòng)器或離合器的摩擦元件的工作間隙不正常；單向離合器打滑或鎖止不良而出現(xiàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)干涉；換檔前的離合器或制動(dòng)器的分離時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)或分離不徹底等。
The working clearance of gear shifting actuators such as brakes or friction elements of clutches is abnormal; one-way clutch slips or locks badly, resulting in motion interference; long separation time or incomplete separation of clutches or brakes before gear shifting.
⑥自動(dòng)變速器的換檔點(diǎn)不正確。
The shift point of automatic transmission is incorrect.
⑦油壓電磁閥不工作。
_Oil piezoelectric solenoid valve does not work.
⑧電控部分故障。
_Faults in the electronic control part.
故障診斷與排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
首先檢查自動(dòng)變速器怠速，若過(guò)高應(yīng)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
First check the idle speed of automatic transmission, if it is too high, it should be adjusted.
檢查節(jié)氣門拉索或節(jié)氣門位置傳感器，若不當(dāng)應(yīng)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
Check the throttle cable or throttle position sensor, if not properly adjusted.
檢查主油路油壓，若主油路壓力過(guò)大或液壓系統(tǒng)工作不良，應(yīng)拆開調(diào)壓閥修理。
Check the main oil pressure. If the main oil pressure is too high or the hydraulic system is not working properly, the pressure regulating valve should be removed and repaired.
檢查自動(dòng)變速器各調(diào)整部位是否合適，控制電磁閥、換檔執(zhí)行元件及電子控制系統(tǒng)是否有損壞、斷路及短路故障，若有故障應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行排除。
Check whether the adjusting parts of automatic transmission are suitable, control electromagnetic valve, shift actuator and electronic control system are damaged, circuit break and short-circuit fault, if there are faults, it should be eliminated in time.
自動(dòng)變速箱異響故障
Abnormal sound fault of automatic transmission
故障現(xiàn)象
Fault phenomenon
在汽車行駛時(shí)，自動(dòng)變速器內(nèi)始終有異響，而停車掛空檔后異響消失。
When a car is running, there is always abnormal noise in the automatic transmission, and the abnormal noise disappears after parking and idling.
故障原因
Cause of failure
①油泵磨損過(guò)度，自動(dòng)變速器油面過(guò)高、過(guò)低。
The oil pump wears excessively, and the oil level of automatic transmission is too high and too low.
②液力變矩器的鎖止離合器、導(dǎo)輪及單向離合器等損壞。
(2) Damage of lock clutch, guide wheel and one-way clutch of hydraulic torque converter.
③行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)有故障。
(3) Faults in planetary gear mechanism.
④換檔執(zhí)行元件異響。
(4) abnormal noise of shift actuator.
故障診斷與排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
自動(dòng)變速箱的異響主要發(fā)生在機(jī)械和液壓兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)上。異響聲源主要有：齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)、軸承、油泵、摩擦片、主減速器及液力變矩器液流噪聲等。診斷時(shí)首先應(yīng)確定異響聲源的部位，再進(jìn)行相關(guān)零部件的故障排除。
The abnormal noise of automatic transmission mainly occurs in mechanical and hydraulic systems. The main noise sources are gear mechanism, bearing, oil pump, friction plate, main reducer and hydraulic torque converter. When diagnosing, the location of abnormal sound source should be determined first, and then the troubleshooting of relevant parts should be carried out.
①首先檢查自動(dòng)變速器油液面高度，若過(guò)高或過(guò)低應(yīng)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
First check the oil level height of automatic transmission, if it is too high or too low, it should be adjusted.
②確定異響部位，若前部異響，則油泵、液力變矩器、鎖止離合器、導(dǎo)輪及單向離合器等有故障，應(yīng)拆開進(jìn)行修理。
If the front part is abnormal, the oil pump, hydraulic torque converter, lock clutch, guide wheel and one-way clutch should be dismantled and repaired.
③若后部異響，則行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)有故障，應(yīng)拆開進(jìn)行修理。
(3) If the rear part is abnormal, the planetary gear mechanism should be dismantled and repaired.
④若換檔時(shí)有異響，則換檔操縱機(jī)構(gòu)、離合器和制動(dòng)帶等換檔執(zhí)行元件有故障，應(yīng)拆開進(jìn)行修理。
If there is abnormal noise when shifting, the shifting actuators, such as shifting control mechanism, clutch and brake belt, should be dismantled and repaired.
