自動(dòng)變速箱是汽車動(dòng)力傳遞的核心部件，內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)精密復(fù)雜，維修時(shí)需根據(jù)故障類型更換相應(yīng)零件，以恢復(fù)其正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。從機(jī)械傳動(dòng)到液壓控制，再到電子輔助系統(tǒng)，可更換的零件覆蓋多個(gè)系統(tǒng)，每個(gè)零件的功能都直接影響變速箱的性能。

　　Automatic transmission is the core component of automobile power transmission, with a precise and complex internal structure. During maintenance, corresponding parts need to be replaced according to the type of fault to restore its normal operation. From mechanical transmission to hydraulic control, and then to electronic auxiliary systems, replaceable parts cover multiple systems, and the function of each part directly affects the performance of the gearbox.

　　傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的易損件是維修中常見(jiàn)的更換對(duì)象。離合器片與制動(dòng)器片是傳遞動(dòng)力的關(guān)鍵部件，長(zhǎng)期摩擦?xí)?dǎo)致表面磨損或燒焦，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)換擋頓挫、動(dòng)力傳遞遲滯時(shí)，需拆解檢查并更換。這類零件多采用銅基或紙基摩擦材料，更換時(shí)需保證新件厚度均勻（誤差不超過(guò) 0.1 毫米），與鋼片貼合緊密。行星齒輪組中的齒輪若出現(xiàn)齒面剝落、裂紋或斷齒，會(huì)引發(fā)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)異響，必須整體更換齒輪組，同時(shí)檢查行星架的磨損情況，必要時(shí)一同更換，確保齒輪嚙合間隙在 0.1-0.3 毫米的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍內(nèi)。單向離合器（如滾柱式、楔塊式）若出現(xiàn)卡滯或打滑，會(huì)導(dǎo)致?lián)Q擋方向錯(cuò)誤，需按型號(hào)更換，安裝時(shí)注意方向標(biāo)記，避免反向裝錯(cuò)。

　　The vulnerable parts of the transmission system are common replacement objects in maintenance. The clutch plate and brake plate are key components for transmitting power. Long term friction can cause surface wear or burning. When shifting jerks or power transmission delays occur, they need to be disassembled, inspected, and replaced. These types of parts often use copper based or paper-based friction materials, and when replacing them, it is necessary to ensure that the thickness of the new part is uniform (with an error of no more than 0.1 millimeters) and closely adheres to the steel sheet. If the gears in the planetary gear set have tooth surface peeling, cracks or broken teeth, it will cause abnormal operation noise. The gear set must be replaced as a whole, and the wear of the planetary carrier must be checked. If necessary, they should be replaced together to ensure that the gear mesh clearance is within the standard range of 0.1-0.3 millimeters. If a one-way clutch (such as a roller type or wedge type) gets stuck or slips, it can cause the shifting direction to be incorrect. It needs to be replaced according to the model, and attention should be paid to the direction markings during installation to avoid reverse installation.

　　液壓控制系統(tǒng)的密封件與閥體組件常需更換。變速箱油液通過(guò)液壓管路傳遞壓力，橡膠密封圈、油封長(zhǎng)期受高溫油液侵蝕會(huì)老化失效，導(dǎo)致漏油，維修時(shí)需將所有密封件統(tǒng)一更換為耐油耐高溫的氟橡膠材質(zhì)，尤其閥體與殼體結(jié)合處的密封墊，需保證平整度以防止?jié)B漏。閥體是液壓控制的核心，內(nèi)部滑閥卡滯或閥孔磨損會(huì)導(dǎo)致油壓異常，輕度磨損可通過(guò)研磨修復(fù)，嚴(yán)重時(shí)需更換全新閥體，新閥體需經(jīng)過(guò)壓力測(cè)試，確保各檔位油壓偏差不超過(guò) 5%。蓄壓器活塞若出現(xiàn)磨損或密封不良，會(huì)影響換擋平順性，更換時(shí)需檢查活塞與缸筒的配合間隙，確保在 0.02-0.05 毫米之間。

　　The seals and valve body components of hydraulic control systems often need to be replaced. The transmission oil transmits pressure through hydraulic pipelines, and rubber seals and oil seals will age and fail due to long-term erosion by high-temperature oil, leading to oil leakage. During maintenance, all seals need to be replaced with oil and high-temperature resistant fluororubber materials, especially the sealing gasket at the joint between the valve body and the housing, which must ensure flatness to prevent leakage. The valve body is the core of hydraulic control, and internal spool valve jamming or valve hole wear can cause abnormal oil pressure. Mild wear can be repaired by grinding, and in severe cases, a new valve body needs to be replaced. The new valve body needs to undergo pressure testing to ensure that the oil pressure deviation of each gear does not exceed 5%. If the accumulator piston is worn or poorly sealed, it will affect the smoothness of gear shifting. When replacing, it is necessary to check the fit clearance between the piston and the cylinder to ensure it is between 0.02-0.05 millimeters.

　　電子控制系統(tǒng)的傳感器與執(zhí)行器是高頻更換零件。轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器（如電磁式、霍爾式）若失效，會(huì)導(dǎo)致變速箱無(wú)法判斷換擋時(shí)機(jī)，出現(xiàn)鎖檔或沖擊，更換時(shí)需確保插頭接線正確，信號(hào)輸出穩(wěn)定（電壓波動(dòng)范圍不超過(guò) ±0.2V）。電磁閥負(fù)責(zé)控制液壓油路通斷，線圈燒蝕或閥芯卡滯會(huì)引發(fā)換擋延遲，需按原型號(hào)更換，新電磁閥需進(jìn)行通電測(cè)試，確保響應(yīng)時(shí)間在 50-100 毫秒內(nèi)。控制單元（TCU）若出現(xiàn)程序故障或硬件損壞，會(huì)導(dǎo)致變速箱進(jìn)入保護(hù)模式，輕度故障可通過(guò)重新編程解決，嚴(yán)重時(shí)需更換全新控制單元，更換后需進(jìn)行自適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)，匹配發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)與變速箱的運(yùn)行參數(shù)。

　　The sensors and actuators of electronic control systems are high-frequency replacement parts. If the speed sensor (such as electromagnetic or Hall type) fails, it will cause the gearbox to be unable to determine the shifting timing, resulting in gear lock or impact. When replacing, it is necessary to ensure that the plug wiring is correct and the signal output is stable (voltage fluctuation range does not exceed ± 0.2V). The solenoid valve is responsible for controlling the on/off of the hydraulic oil circuit. Coil erosion or valve core jamming can cause gear shift delay, and it needs to be replaced with the original model. The new solenoid valve needs to be tested with power to ensure a response time of 50-100 milliseconds. If there is a program failure or hardware damage in the control unit (TCU), it will cause the gearbox to enter protection mode. Mild faults can be resolved by reprogramming, and in severe cases, a new control unit needs to be replaced. After replacement, adaptive learning is required to match the operating parameters of the engine and gearbox.

　　閥體附件與濾清器是預(yù)防性更換的重點(diǎn)。變速箱油濾清器（內(nèi)置紙質(zhì)濾芯或外置金屬濾芯）在油液循環(huán)中過(guò)濾雜質(zhì)，長(zhǎng)期使用會(huì)堵塞導(dǎo)致油壓下降，維修時(shí)必須更換，同時(shí)清洗濾網(wǎng)殼體，避免殘留雜質(zhì)二次污染。油液冷卻器若內(nèi)部堵塞或泄漏，會(huì)影響油液散熱，導(dǎo)致油溫過(guò)高（超過(guò) 120℃），需更換同規(guī)格冷卻器，安裝前用高壓氣吹通管路，確保無(wú)堵塞。液力變矩器的鎖止離合器若打滑，會(huì)導(dǎo)致油耗上升、動(dòng)力損失，輕度磨損可通過(guò)更換鎖止片修復(fù)，嚴(yán)重時(shí)需整體更換變矩器，新變矩器需進(jìn)行動(dòng)平衡測(cè)試（不平衡量不超過(guò) 5 克厘米），防止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)。

　　The valve body accessories and filters are the focus of preventive replacement. The transmission oil filter (with a built-in paper filter or an external metal filter) filters impurities in the oil circulation. Long term use can clog and cause a decrease in oil pressure. It must be replaced during maintenance, and the filter screen housing must be cleaned to avoid secondary pollution from residual impurities. If there is internal blockage or leakage in the oil cooler, it will affect the heat dissipation of the oil and cause the oil temperature to be too high (over 120 ℃). It is necessary to replace the cooler with the same specification and blow the pipeline with high-pressure air before installation to ensure that there is no blockage. If the lock up clutch of the hydraulic torque converter slips, it will cause an increase in fuel consumption and power loss. Mild wear can be repaired by replacing the locking plate, and in severe cases, the torque converter needs to be replaced as a whole. The new torque converter needs to undergo a dynamic balance test (with an imbalance of no more than 5 grams per centimeter) to prevent vibration during operation.

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